N and 39,152 women. The case group as compared with the control group without gout,

N and 39,152 women. The case group as compared with the control group without gout, has higher prevalence of hypertension (27.8 versus 10.1 in the control group), hyperlipidemia (5.8 versus 1.4 ), smoking-related diagnosis (10.4 vs. 6.7 ), alcoholism-related diagnosis (1.8 vs. 0.7 ) and uremia (1.4 vs. 0.5 ) (Table 1). All subjects in case and control groups were followed up to the end of year 2007. A total of 74,367 subjects in the control group and 5,650 individuals in the case group were identified as dying of cardiovascular disease during follow-up. The relative risk of CVD mortality among subjects with gout was calculated to be 1.71 (95 CI = 1.66 ?1.75) (Table 2). In the control group,subjects with chronic kidney disease (CKD) have approximately 3-fold risk of dying from CVD than subjects without CKD (RR = 3.05, 95 CI = 2.94-3.15). However this magnitude of risk is markedly diminished in the case group subjects with CKD, i.e., subjects with both gout and CKD, with RR of 1.84, 95 CI 1.71-1.98 (Table 2). The crude hazard ratio (HR) of CVD mortality among the case group was found to be 1.69 with 95 CI from 1.7 to 1.7 (p value <0.0001). After adjustments made for gender, age, smoking-related diagnosis, alcoholism-related diagnosis, hypertension, hyperlipidemia and Charlson's comorbidity index, the adjusted HR was 1.10 with 95 CI of 1.07 to 1.13 (p value <0.0001). This confirms that gout alone in this studied population of nondiabetic subjects aged 50 or above contributes statistically significantly, as a risk factor to subsequent death from CVD cause. In another words, a person in the case group is 1.1 times asFigure 1 Flowchart illustrating the selection of cases and controls and follow up. Abbreviations: CKD, chronic kidney disease; CVD, cardiovascular disease; NHIRD, National Health Insurance Research Database.Kok et al. BMC Cardiovascular Disorders 2012, 12:108 http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2261/12/Page 5 ofTable 1 Patient demographics and disease and treatment characteristicsCharacteristic With chronic kidney disease Without chronic kidney disease Age group, years 50-59 60-69 70-79 80 Sex Male Female Comorbidities Hypertension Hyperlipidemia Smoking-related diagnosis Alcoholism-related diagnosis Uremia Charlson's comorbidities Index score 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10+ Follow-up in years 0 1 2 3 4Mann-Whitney U test.Overall 3,858,840 66,476 3,792,364 1,750,009 1,097,797 734,932 276,102 1,863,738 1,995,102 419,678 60,744 262,913 28,305 21,526 3,099,342 494,593 178,885 50,181 16,497 5,752 2,360 1,269 6,321 2,384 1,256 63,220 65,186 67,987 67,136 3,519,426 75,Case group 164,463 [ ] 13,445 [8.18] 151,018 54,586 [33.19] 50,413 [30.65] 45,041 [27.39] 14,423 [8.77] 125,311 [76.19] 39,152 45,693 [27.8] 9,521 [5.8] 17,183 [10.4] 2,891 [1.8] 2,228 [1.4] 106,542 35,179 14,215 5,264 1,858 659 261 101 204 100 80 2,682 4,115 4,446 4,484 144,228 4,Control group 3,694,377 [ ] 53,031 [1.44] 3,641,346 1,695,423 1,047,384 689,891 261,679 1,738,427 [47.06] 1,955,950 Tariquidar site PubMed ID:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26437915 373,985[10.1] 51,223 [1.4] 245,730 [6.7] 25,414 [0.7] 19,298 [0.5] 2,992,800 459,414 164,670 44,917 14,639 5,093 2,099 1,168 6,117 2,284 1,176 60,538 61,071 63,541 62,652 3,375,198 71,P-value <.<.<.<.0001 <.0001 <.0001 <.0001 <.0001 0.-likely to die of CVD cause over the next 5 years in comparison with a person in the control group (Table 3, model 1). In the case cohort with gout, the presence of CKD has a crude HR of 1.99 of subsequent CVD mortality when compared with subjects wi.